Behind the science


Icon of the liver with four red stop-sign-shaped labels reading 'apoC-III'

Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a protein made in the liver that slows down a person's ability to clear dietary fat, like triglycerides, from their bloodstream.

Icon of the liver and a very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle
Triglycerides are transferred from the liver to the blood in the form of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles.
Icon of the intestines and a chylomicron
Triglycerides from the fat in food are transferred to the blood through absorption in the intestine in the form of chylomicrons.

Pathways for triglyceride clearance




ApoC-III helps control triglyceride levels through 2 pathways:

The LPL-dependent pathway is where lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a key enzyme, breaks down triglycerides in the blood.

Triglycerides travel through the bloodstream in the form of chylomicrons and VLDL
Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants are removed
Icon showing apoC-III helping to control triglyceride levels through two pathways
In the LPL-dependent pathway, apoC-III decreases LPL activity, resulting in reduced ability to clear triglycerides, leading to more triglycerides in the blood.

The LPL-independent pathway is where triglycerides are cleared by the liver, without the use of LPL.

Triglycerides travel through the bloodstream in the form of chylomicrons and VLDL
Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants are removed
Icon showing apoC-III helping to control triglyceride levels through two pathways
In the LPL-independent pathway, apoC-III is thought to decrease clearance of triglycerides through the liver, leading to more triglycerides in the blood.
For most people with FCS, the body has very low or absent LPL activity, making the LPL-dependent pathway less effective or ineffective. This explains the elevated triglyceride levels seen in people with FCS.

TRYNGOLZA is a GalNAc-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inhibitor of apoC-III production.

ASOs are single-stranded DNA fragments designed to bind to and interfere with mRNA, the template used to make proteins like apoC-III.

GalNAc is a molecule that recognizes and binds to receptors most commonly found on liver cells.

GalNAc molecule & antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inhibitor icon

TRYNGOLZA in action


Icon depicting the TRYNGOLZA molecule targeting liver cells

1

Targeting liver cells

GalNAc in TRYNGOLZA enables targeted delivery of TRYNGOLZA to the liver, where apoC-III is made.

Icon depicting the TRYNGOLZA molecule selectively binding to apoC-III mRNA

2

Selectively binding to apoC-III mRNA

After binding to the cell, TRYNGOLZA is brought into the cell and the ASO binds to the apoC-III mRNA.

Icon depicting the breakdown of apoC-III mRNA after the binding of TRYNGOLZA

3

Breaking down apoC-III mRNA

The binding of TRYNGOLZA leads to the breakdown of the apoC-III mRNA and reduces apoC-III in the blood, resulting in reduced triglyceride levels.

By reducing apoC-III—a key regulator of triglyceride metabolism in both the LPL-dependent and LPL-independent pathways—TRYNGOLZA can help people with FCS better break down triglycerides, lowering triglyceride levels in the blood.

In a clinical trial, TRYNGOLZA reduced fasting apoC-III levels by 80% compared with placebo over 1 year.

GalNAc=N-acetylgalactosamine; mRNA=messenger ribonucleic acid.